The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected over 184 million patients and caused more than 3.98 million deaths up to July 6, 2021, with numbers continuously increasing. SARS-CoV-2 causes a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild or moderate respiratory symptoms to severe acute respiratory syndrome […]
Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disease affecting multiple joints symmetrically. The main symptoms at the early stage of the disease are joint pain and swelling; at the late stage, arthritis leads to joint stiffness, malformation, loss of function, and even disability. Current therapies include medications with limited efficacy, such as non-steroidal […]
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors and a restricted range of activities, with onset early in life. ASD is estimated to affect approximately 1 in 68 children in the U.S. Most individuals with ASD are not able to live independently and […]
Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and affects the health, economic, and social capabilities of those affected. Ischemic stroke represents 85% of the total strokes, frequently causing neurological and neuropsychiatric sequelae, and memory disorders in up to 20-50% of patients. Ischemic strokes are characterized by blood flow obstruction in a restricted […]
Knee Osteoarthritis Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of severe long-term pain and physical disability affecting hundreds of millions of patients worldwide. Among these diseases osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative joint disorder involving articular cartilage and many of the surrounding tissues is the most common. OA is estimated to affect 250 million people worldwide […]
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of the renal function that affects over 200 million people worldwide, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. According to the Global Burden of disease study CKD was ranked as the 25th leading cause of death in 1990, but rose to 18th place in 2010. […]
What is Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension? Pulmonary hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs and the right side of the heart. In one form of pulmonary hypertension, called pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), blood vessels in the lungs are narrowed, blocked or destroyed. The damage slows blood flow through […]
What are Exosomes? Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles (30–100 nm) that are secreted by different types of cells. They were first found in reticulocytes (immature red blood cells) of sheep in 1983 and named “exosomes” by Johnstone in 1987. Different cells can secrete exosomes under normal and also pathological conditions. They are produced by the […]
The purpose of the study according to the researchers is to determine the safety of administering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from fat tissue into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with spinal cord injury. The study continues in a phase 1 clinical trial conducted by the Mayo Clinic. All subjects enrolled in the study […]
Traditional medication is not satisfied in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy due to its long-term side effects and failure in cartilage repair. Nanomodification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds promise for lifting such hurdles but delivering therapeutic nanomaterials (NPs) into MSCs remains challenging in this new strategy. In a recent study published in the journal Biomaterials, […]