How Parents Can Help Prevent the Development of ADHD Symptoms

Parents of young children with an excitable or exuberant temperament could adapt their parenting style to help moderate their child’s potential development of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), according to a new study co-authored by a University of Waterloo researcher.

Developmental psychologists know that temperament, parenting, and the brain’s executive functions are interconnected factors in developing ADHD symptoms throughout childhood.

But, the study found specific factors that predict a higher chance of ADHD symptoms, pointing to the importance of early targeted intervention.

Following 291 children from just four months of age to 15 years, the researchers observed child temperament and parent-child interactions at three years, assessed the child’s executive functioning at four years, and analyzed parent-reported ADHD symptoms six times between ages five and 15. The study determined that temperament and parenting work together to impact a child’s developing executive functions.

The findings suggest that ADHD symptoms increase throughout childhood when a child shows early exuberant temperament, low to normal executive functions, and receives less directive and engaged parenting as the young child navigates new situations.

“Symptoms of ADHD typically stabilize from ages five to nine and decrease from ages nine to 15. But for predictable cases of very young children with exuberant temperament and less directive parenting, that stabilization may not occur,” Henderson said.

“More direct parenting, which is not controlling but guides the child with verbal and physical cues, can help develop the child’s self-regulatory skills and prevent their ADHD symptoms from increasing.”

Sources:

Nicole E. Lorenzo, Hong N.T. Bui, Kathryn A. Degnan, Jennifer M. McDermott, Heather A. Henderson, Nathan A. Fox, Andrea Chronis-Tuscano. The Developmental Unfolding of ADHD Symptoms from Early Childhood Through Adolescence: Early Effects of Exuberant Temperament, Parenting and Executive Functioning. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 2023; DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01140-2

Materials provided by University of Waterloo. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

University of Waterloo. “How parents can help prevent the development of ADHD symptoms.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 15 February 2024. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/02/240215113609.htm>.

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