What is Hip Bursitis? Bursitis is a painful condition that affects the small, fluid-filled sacs, called bursae, that cushion the bones, tendons, and muscles near the joints. It occurs when the bursae become inflamed. The most common locations are the shoulder, elbow, and hip. They are normally presented in joints that perform frequent repetitive movements. […]
Chronic kidney disease is documented to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which is also the leading cause of mortality globally. In addition to the high healthcare costs associated with treating chronic kidney disease, it is associated with poor quality of life, especially in patients who progress to end-stage renal disease. Major […]
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a relatively rare autoimmune disorder in which antibodies form against nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) postsynaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of the skeletal muscles, causing muscle weakness and rapid muscle fatigue. It is a type-II hypersensitivity immune response. The basic pathology is a reduction in the number of ACh receptors (AChRs) […]
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is by mutations in genes coding for subunits or regulatory proteins of the NADPH oxidase complex, that is, X-linked mutations in CYBB or autosomal recessive mutations in CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, and CYBC1, that cause absent or severely reduced production of superoxide in all phagocytes , so they are unable to kill […]
Brachial plexus injury (BPI) is an advanced peripheral nerve injury that results in paralysis of the upper extremities. This injury is often caused by high-energy trauma such as road traffic accidents and young adult groups often experience it. Massive motor neuron damage and impairment functions of the brachial plexus-innervated muscles are the results of severe […]
There are a lot of myths surrounding the timing of eating and how it might influence either body weight or health. There’s the old saying in dieting that one must “breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dine like a pauper,” based on the belief that consuming the bulk of daily calories in […]
Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disease that involves bilateral renal cysts. The condition is broadly divided into 2 forms: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). ADPKD is one of the most common inherited disorders in humans and the most frequent genetic cause of kidney failure in adults, […]
Asthma is a common chronic disease worldwide and affects approximately 26 million persons in the United States. It is the most common chronic disease in childhood, affecting an estimated 7 million children, and it is a common cause of hospitalization for children in the United States. The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and involves airway […]
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease whose hallmark feature is a persistent symmetric polyarthritis (synovitis) that affects the hands and feet (see the image below). Any joint lined by a synovial membrane may be involved, however, and extra-articular involvement of organs such as the skin, heart, lungs, and eyes can be […]
An infectious etiology of Alzheimer’s disease has been postulated for decades and despite supportive evidence, it is still controversial . The increased risk for COVID-19 in people with Alzheimer’s disease and recent recognition of long lasting neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV2 infection in part reflecting inflammatory processes, which are central to Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology, suggest bidirectional […]