Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune central nervous system disorder that affects the brain and spinal cord. It causes white blood cells, which normally protect against infections to enter the nervous system and cause damage. In MS antibodies against myelin are produced by the immune system, causing damage to this protective sheath. It is estimated […]
What is Antiphospholipid Syndrome? Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) occurs when your immune system mistakenly creates antibodies that make your blood much more likely to clot. This can cause dangerous blood clots in the legs, kidneys, lungs and brain. In pregnant women, antiphospholipid syndrome also can result in miscarriage and stillbirth. There’s no cure for antiphospholipid syndrome, […]
Prenatal and early life experiences are critical for human development. Studies have suggested an association between early life exposure to adverse conditions, including maternal high-fat diet, malnutrition, or infections during pregnancy with the development of different diseases, such as inflammatory and metabolic diseases as well as neurodevelopmental disorders. Different studies have suggested that a viral […]
The secretome of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues is considered an innovative therapeutic tool for regenerative medicine. Although their similarities, adipose tissue and bone marrow derived MSCs have different secretory properties, in particular their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes. MSCs are virtually in all tissues, where part of them localize near the […]
With the failure of the recent HIV-1 vaccine trial1 and ART inefficacies, such as treatment failure following drug resistance in up to 22%, poor compliance in up to 46%, adverse effects in up to 83% of people living with HIV-1, and poor central nervous system penetration, there is a need to re-evaluate the strategies to […]
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide, and yet many smokers never attempt to quit. The weight gain that is associated with cessation of smoking is cited as a major reason why more people don’t try to stop. These effects are attributed to smoking-associated effects on energy intake, metabolic rate and physical […]
Cumulative stress can have different psychiatric and physical effects, increasing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, mood disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and addiction. Stress may reduce psychological resilience measures such as emotion regulation and self control that are known to protect against psychiatric and physical health outcomes. Notably, emotional stress exposure decreases cognitive and emotion regulation […]
Hair loss is treated with a wide range of clinical therapies including low-level laser light therapy as well as 2 medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA): topical minoxidil and oral finasteride. Surgical options include follicular unit transplant (FUT) and follicular unit extraction (FUE) techniques, which are outpatient procedures with excellent outcomes. In […]
More than four decades have elapsed since the onset of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and a protective vaccine has yet to be developed. There are different hurdles responsible for this lack of success, including the antigenic variability of the HIV-1 envelope (env), the protected configuration of the virus and the in vivo rarity of B cells […]
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a distressing condition that significantly compromises the quality of life of men worldwide. It is defined as the inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Worldwide it is estimated that there are approximately 26 new cases of ED per 1,000 men, and in the U.S., 1 […]