Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical species that have been implicated in vasodilation, neuronal signaling, immunology, and cancer. In cancer, NO functions in various and sometimes contradictory signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment (TME). For example, high nitric oxide synthase expressions in activated macrophages exert cytostatic or cytotoxic effects. On the other hand, resident macrophages […]
The WHO estimates that by 2050, 22% of the world’s population will be aged over 60 years. This is a product of increasing life expectancy, which should be viewed as an exceptional achievement; yet the improvement remains somewhat overshadowed by the absence of preserved quality-of-life. One important area that is associated with aging is cognitive […]
Chronic inflammatory diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Inflammation is part of the host’s complex defense mechanism. It is the immune system’s biological response against different infectious or non-infectious stimuli. These stimuli may activate inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Janus kinase signal transducer and […]
Older adults (aged 60 years) are the fastest-growing age group in the world and are projected to represent 1 in every 4 adults by 2050. Aging is associated with a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength that manifests as reduced physical performance and endurance capacity, imposing a burden on both the individual and society. […]
Despite the progress in medicine, the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which are primarily Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), still remains unclear. What is more, the incidence of IBD, especially CD, is still increasing and the highest rates are found in the industrialized countries. It is believed that the disease process develops […]
Evidence indicates that a high-fat diet can promote gut inflammation and increase gut permeability. The use of antibiotics further exacerbates these complications and can lead to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe disorders that involve chronic inflammation of your digestive tract. There are two […]
There are currently more than 6 million people living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the United States and the numbers continue to rise. AD is the most common type of dementia and symptoms include difficulty with short-term memory, language, and decision making. There is evidence that antioxidants may protect against neurodegeneration. These compounds can prevent […]
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common cancer diagnosed in the United States. Studies have shown that the Western diet, high-sugar diets, and excessive consumption of animal protein, especially red meat, increase CRC risk. In a recently published study, researchers found a molecule produced on keto diets suppresses tumor growth and think that these […]
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, leading to irreversible deficits in young adults. It is a neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease whose pathophysiology is both complex and incompletely understood. There is currently no cure for MS. Since the 1970s people with MS have anecdotally reported that eating dairy products […]
Metabolic syndrome is defined by the presence of multiple, related risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is highly prevalent, affecting 30% of the U.S. population, and confers a 5-fold increase in the risk of T2DM and doubles the risk for CVD over 5-10 years. Some features of metabolic […]